Lighting often ends up as an afterthought, but if you want to benefit from its effects, you need to plan it in advance so you can apply some scientific principles and install any wiring before you decorate. Most rooms need a mix of amb.ient, accent for contrast and directional lighting for specific areas

Left: Utility-style metal shades look authentically hard- working in kitchens, and can be fitted on rise- and-fall mechanisms
for practicality.

For lighting inspiration visit: BHS: a good range of lighting at reasonable prices. The Conran Shop: interesting contemporary styles. Jim Lawrence: wide choice of lights, many in traditional styles and solid brass, which suit a country home. Original BTC: stylish, well-made design classics all produced in Britain. Stiffkey Period Lighting: a large selection of antique and reconditioned/wired lights

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Pendant shades in a row in this kitchen illuminate the worktop for food preparation and evening meals.

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Droplet-hung chandeliers will contribute overhead sparkle and soft lighting by diffusing the light between several small bulbs.

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Table lamps can be used in a dark hallway to create a welcoming space.

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Clip-on lights, such as Original BTC’s Hector design, are perfect for additional task lighting.

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Wall lights create a cosy atmosphere in a bedroom. These range from romantic mirrored sconces that reflect their light back into the room to gaslight-style, glass-shaded brackets. They can be used to illuminate a picture in formal gallery tradition or provide a more modern effect with sleek chrome spots that swivel usefully in whichever direction you want to highlight a feature or your favourite reading chair.

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Table lamps add atmosphere and contrast by creating pools of light, and can also provide illumination for specific tasks such as reading and working or highlighting a design feature. Think about whether you want the light to be filtered through the shade (as with glass or unlined fabrics) or to be directed downwards (metal, thick parchment or lined fabric). Jointed bases, such as the classic Anglepoise, will allow even more accurate direction – great for desks and now also available in floor-standing versions.

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Bathrooms also have the issue of safety to consider, because water and electricity aren’t a good mix – you’ll need enclosed lights near showers and baths and any switches inside the room will have to be worked by pull cord.

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